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Dry-sorbent CO2 Capture System Test",1,9,13,96],"R":48},{"C":["Haifeng Carbon Capture Test Platform",2,7,22,97],"R":48},{"C":["Hazelwood Carbon Capture and Mineral Sequestration Pilot Plant",1,10,9,98],"R":48},{"C":["Heron Lake Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,0,99]},{"C":["Huaneng GreenGen IGCC Demonstration-scale System (Phase 2)",5,7,25,1,1,"The GreenGen program to develop a large-scale CCS facility in China in the power sector in Tianjin, China, is being carried out in three phases, with the second phase including the development of a pilot-scale CO2 capture system estimated at between 60,000-100,000 tonnes per annum. Construction of the pilot plant was completed in 2016 and commissioning activities began."]},{"C":["Humber Zero - Phillips 66 Humber Refinery CCS",0,1,30,7,0,"A carbon capture and storage project on Phillips 66 Humber Refinery plant is in development. The project will support the Humber Zero CCS network, aiming to decarbonise energy-intensive industry in the wider Humber region, United Kingdom."]},{"C":["Humber Zero - VPI Immingham Power Plant CCS",26,1,"A carbon capture and storage project on Vitol’s 1,240MW VPI-Immingham combined heat and power plant is in development. The project will support the Humber Zero CCS network, aiming to decarbonise energy-intensive industry in the wider Humber region, United Kingdom."],"R":38},{"C":["Huron Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Glacial Lakes Energy have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 86,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Glacial Lakes Energy Huron biorefinery plant."],"R":34},{"C":["Husky Energy Lashburn and Tangleflags CO2 Injection in Heavy Oil Reservoirs Project",2,5,11,1,"The project is testing methods for enhanced oil recovery in heavy oil reservoirs. The capture facilities in Husky Energy’s Lloydminster ethanol plant, located in Saskatchewan, Canada, are designed to capture up to 250 tonnes of CO2 per day as a by-product of the fermentation process. Operational since 2012, the captured CO2 is transported by truck to the Lashburn and Tangleflags oil fields."],"R":16},{"C":["Hydrogen 2 Magnum (H2M)",3,4,0,1,0,"The Hydrogen 2 Magnum (H2M) will include a natural gas to hydrogen production plant with CO2 capture and export facilities. The produced hydrogen will be made use of to fuel the Magnum gas power plant in Eemshaven, Germany. Equinor, Vattenfall and Gassunie are assessing the feasibility of converting three units of the combined cycle gas turbine power plant to hydrogen powered units."]},{"C":["Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain (HESC) project",5,10,33,7,1,"The aim of HESC is to establish a full-chain commercial-scale low-carbon emission hydrogen supply to Japan. The project will be carried out in 2 phases: pilot phase and commercial phase."]},{"C":["Hydrogen to Humber Saltend",3,1,34,0,"Hydrogen to Humber (H2H) Saltend is in development to produce blue hydrogen via a new build 600 MW autothermal reformer to decarbonize/fuel-switch Triton Power’s gas-fired power plant. It will capture up to 1.2 million tonnes of CO2 when in operation."],"R":16},{"C":["HyNet North West",4,"HyNet North West is an integrated low-carbon hydrogen production, distribution and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) project being developed by Cadent (lead) together with Progressive Energy. The CO2 is planed to be captured from the Hydrogen Production & Carbon Capture plant, and transported, together with captured CO2 from existing nearby industrial sites, to the decommissioning Hamilton and Lennox gas fields in Liverpool Bay owned and operated by ENI for dedicated geological storage."],"R":54},{"C":["HyNet North West - Hanson Cement CCS",6,11,"Hanson has partnered with the Hynet North West consortium for a feasibility study on capture 800,000 tonnes per annum CO2 emissions from its Padeswood plant in Mond Flintshire, United Kingdom. The captured CO2 will be transported and stored through HyNet North West CO2 transport and storage system."],"R":38},{"C":["Illinois Basin Decatur Project (CO2 Injection Completed, Monitoring Ongoing)",1,0,15,0,1,"The Illinois Basin Decatur Project IBDP aims to validate the capacity, injectivity and containment of the Mount Simon Sandstone, which represents the primary carbon storage resource in the Illinois Basin and the Midwestern United States. Carbon dioxide was captured from the ADM corn-to-ethanol plant in Illinois and injected in a nearby storage site from November 2011 to November 2014. Over this time period, a total of 999,215 tonnes of CO2 was injected and stored. Post-injection monitoring under the reponsibility of the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium MGSC will conclude in 2020."]},{"C":["Illinois Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage",2,35,0,"Illinois Industrial CCS integrates new build compression and dehydration facilities to an existing corn-to-ethanol plant in Decatur, Illinois. The new facilities, when combined with existing facilities constructed under the now completed Illinois Basin Decatur Project, can achieve a total CO2 injection capacity of approximately 1 Mtpa. Injection operations commenced in April 2017. The captured CO2 is transported to a nearby injection well for dedicated geological storage."],"R":20},{"C":["In Salah CO2 Storage",1,21,20,3,"In Salah CO2 Storage facility started CO2 injection in 2004, and completed in 2011. A total 3.8 million tonnes CO2 was successfully stored in the depleted gas reservoir located near the gas processing plant. The storage site was closely monitored by In Salah CO2 Assurance Joint Industry Project JIP, using a variety of geochemical, geophysical and production techniques, including satellite imaging, well monitoring, seismic monitoring and micro-seismic monitoring. No CO2 leakage was reported during the lifetime of the project."],"R":32},{"C":["ITRI Calcium Looping Pilot",2,7,1,11,1,"The Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI, in cooperation with the Taiwan Cement Company TCC, have installed a calcium looping test facility at TCC’s cement plant in Hualien, Taiwan. This test facility became operational in June 2013 and is the largest test facility worldwide for this technology, with a capacity to capture around 1 tonne per hour of CO2."]},{"C":["K12-B CO2 Injection Project",1,4,20,3,"Carbon dioxide is captured at the offshore natural gas production facility at the K12-B gas field northwest of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and injected back into the depleted gas reservoir. Injection of CO2 began in 2004 and cumulative injection to date is estimated at over 100,000 tonnes. The whole project finished in 2017."],"R":32},{"C":["Karamay Dunhua Oil Technology CCUS EOR Project",2,7,18,18,0,"Carbon dioxide capture systems were retrofitted to a methanol plant located in Karamay City, China, in 2015. The facility has a CO2 capture capacity of approximately 100,000 tonnes per annum. The captured CO2 is transported by tanker truck to the Xinjiang oil field in the Junggar Basin for enhanced oil recovery."]},{"C":["Karlshamn Field Pilot",1,15,9,1,1,"The pilot plant at Karlshamn power station in Sweden was one of a number of test facilities used by Alstom to test the viability of its Chilled Ammonia Process for CO2 capture and involved the capture of around 30 tonnes of CO2 per day. The pilot was commissioned in 2009 and the test phase ended in 2010."]},{"C":["Ketzin Pilot Project",22,20,12,"The Ketzin Pilot Project in Germany was the first geological CO2 storage project on the European mainland and one of the largest storage pilot projects in the world. The research program was undertaken in three phases and began in 2004. Over 67,000 tonnes of CO2 was injected between 2008 and 2013, and post-injection and site behaviour monitoring is to be completed in December 2017."],"R":34},{"C":["Kevin Dome Carbon Storage Project - Development Phase",0,6,"The project is managed by the Big Sky Sequestration Partnership BSCSP. The project planned to drill CO2 production wells into one part of the Kevin Dome geological structure in Montana, US, and then transport the CO2 to a location on the edge of Kevin Dome that does not contain CO2 for re-injection, however, the proposed injection site is no longer considered appropriate for large-scale CO2 storage because the groundwater lacks sufficient salinity."],"R":34,"Ø":8},{"C":["Korea-CCS 1 & 2",3,9,36,1,0,"Korea CCS 1&2 is evaluating the development of 1 Mtpa CCS facilities with CO2 either sourced from a power plant either in Gangwon Province north-east Korea or in Chungnam Province west Korea or an oxy-fuel power plant or in a 300 MW integrated gasification combined cycle IGCC power plant. Capture and storage operations could begin around the middle of the next decade.  Capture and storage operations could begin around the middle 2020’s. A comprehensive evaluation of CO2 transport and storage has been undertaken."]},{"C":["La Pereda Calcium Looping Pilot Plant",1,16,11,1,"The La Pereda pilot facility in Spain became operational in 2012 and undertook three European funded ‘projects’ or test campaigns, testing the viability of post-combustion capture by calcium looping at the MW-scale 1.7 MWth."],"R":16},{"C":["Lacq CCS Pilot Project",11,10,"The Lacq Pilot was a storage-focused project of global significance near Pau, France, that injected approximately 51,000 tonnes of CO2 over a 39 month period to March 2013 and that also included a comprehensive monitoring plan during the injection period as well as for three years after injection ceased."],"R":50},{"C":["LafargeHolcim Cement Carbon capture",3,0,4,11,0,"Svante, LafargeHolcim, Oxy Low Carbon Ventures, TotalEnergies, Keiwit and Electricore are conducting a study to assess the financial viability and design requirements of  1.0 – 2.0 million tonnes per annum CO2 capture facility at LafargeHolcim’s cement plant in Colorado, United States"]},{"C":["Lake Charles Methanol",0,3,9,"Lake Charles Methanol is a proposed gasification facility in Louisiana, planning to capture over 4 Mtpa of CO2 from synthetic gas syngas. The syngas to be further converted to make methanol and other products would be produced during the conversion of petroleum coke sourced from oil refineries in the Gulf Coast region. The captured CO2 would be injected into deep saline aquifers for permanent storage. The projected operations date is 2025."],"R":36},{"C":["Lamberton Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Highwater Ethanol have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 157,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Highwater Ethanol Lamberton biorefinery plant."],"R":38},{"C":["Lawler Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","Summit Carbon Solutions and Homeland Energy Solutions have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 572,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Homeland Energy Solutions Lawler biorefinery plant."],"R":62},{"C":["LEILAC",5,6,36,11,1,"The LEILAC Low Emissions Intensity Lime and Cement project will design, build and operate a pilot plant to assess not only whether Direct Separation calcining technology can work at the temperatures necessary to process limestone for the lime and cement industries, but also capture over 95 per cent of the process CO2 emissions from both industries without significant energy or capital penalty. The pilot plant will be hosted by HeidelbergCement at its cement plant in Lixhe, Belgium, the operation is expected to start in March 2019."]},{"C":["Lost Cabin Gas Plant",6,0,1,3,0,"The Lost Cabin Plant had a significant fire in late 2018. Both trains have been down since the fire. Plant should resume operations later 2020. The Lost Cabin Gas Plant supplies CO2 to compression facilities adjacent to the plant to enable CO2 transport by pipeline. CO2 capture capacity is around 0.7 Mtpa, and since 2013, CO2 has been delivered via a new build pipeline to the Bell Creek oil field in Montana for enhanced oil recovery."]},{"C":["Louisiana Clean Energy Complex",5,37,5,"Air Products and Chemicals, Inc has completed Final Investment Decision for a low-carbon hydrogen production and low-carbon ammunition production complex in Ascension Parish, Louisiana, United States. The operation of CO2 capture plant at over 5 million tonnes per annum for 95% CO2 capture is expected in 2025-2626."],"R":36},{"C":["Marcus Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Little Sioux Corn Processors have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 458,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Little Sioux Corn Processors Marcus biorefinery plant."],"R":36},{"C":["Marshall County ECBM Project",1,9,6,1,"A pilot test to evaluate the feasibility of combined enhanced coal-bed methane ECBM operations with CO2 storage in unmineable coal seams was undertaken in West Virginia, US. Over a period of around four years to end December 2013, approximately 4,500 tonnes of CO2 was injected into the Upper Freeport coal seam in Marshall County, post-injection monitoring ceased in December 2015."],"R":4},{"C":["Mason City Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Golden Grain Energy have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 343,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Golden Grain Energy Mason City biorefinery plant."],"R":4},{"C":["Merrill Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","Summit Carbon Solutions and Plymouth Energy have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 157,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Plymouth Energy Merrill biorefinery plant."],"R":62},{"C":["MGSC Validation Phase (Phase II): CO2 Storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery: Bald Unit Oil Field Test Site",1,6,1,"The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium MGSC carried out a small-scale CO2 injection test in a sandstone of the Clore Formation at the Bald Unit in the Mumford Hills oil field in Indiana, US, to gauge the potential for large-scale CO2 storage from enhanced oil recovery in mature Illinois Basin oil fields."],"R":4,"Ø":8},{"C":["MGSC Validation Phase (Phase II): CO2 Storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery: Sugar Creek Oil Field Test Site",9,"The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium MGSC carried out a small-scale CO2 injection test during 2009 and 2010 in the Jackson sandstone at the Sugar Creek oil field in Kentucky, US, to gauge the potential for large-scale CO2 storage from enhanced oil recovery in mature Illinois Basin oil fields."],"R":54},{"C":["Michigan Basin (Phase II) Geologic CO2 Sequestration Field Test",19,3,"The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership MRCSP carried out a CO2 injection test in Michigan, US, to evaluate the storage potential of the Bass Islands dolomite and adjacent Bois Blanc formations within the northern Michigan Basin. A total of approximately 60,000 tonnes of CO2 was injected in two campaigns during 2008 and 2009."],"R":38},{"C":["Michigan Basin Large Scale Injection Test",2,1,"The project is designed to inject and monitor approximately one million tonnes of CO2 within a series of formations currently being used for enhanced oil recovery operations. Carbon dioxide injection associated with the Large-scale Injection Test began in March 2013. As of early 2019, the project had successfully injected and monitored the storage of more than 1,100,000 tonnes of new CO2."],"R":52},{"C":["Midwest AgEnergy Blue Flint ethanol CCS",3,21,0,0,"Midwest AgEnergy is conducting a feasibility study to capture 180,000 metric tonnes (200,000 short tons) CO2 from its Blue Flint biorefinery in Underwood in central North Dakota, USA."],"R":4},{"C":["Mikawa Post Combustion Capture Demonstration Plant",2,17,7,1,1,"Toshiba Corporation and the Mizuho Information & Research Institute are leading a consortium in the commission of a demonstration-scale carbon capture plant designed to capture more than 500 tons of CO2 per day from the 50 MW Mikawa thermal power plant. The project commenced operation in November 2020."]},{"C":["Mina Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Glacial Lakes Energy have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 400,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Glacial Lakes Energy Mina biorefinery plant."]},{"C":["Miranga CO2 Injection Project",1,23,9,8,1,"Petrobras began injecting CO2 around 370 tonnes per day into the Miranga onshore oil and gas field in the state of Bahia, Brazil, in late 2009, the purpose of which was to test technologies that could contribute to the then future development projects for the Santos Basin’s offshore pre-salt cluster. Press reports from around April 2011 indicated that the first phase of CO2 injection at Miranga was completed."]},{"C":["MOL Szank field CO2 EOR",2,24,38,3,0,"The Hungarian oil company MOL group Plc has been operating CO2 EOR project in the Szank field since 19921. It has cumulatively injected nearly 2 million tonnes of CO2 for storage as of 31 December 2020."]},{"C":["Mountaineer Validation Facility",1,0,9,1,1,"It was the world’s first to undertake both the capture and storage of CO2 in dedicated geological formations from a coal-fired power plant, approximately 51,000 tonnes of CO2 was captured from a capture facility at the Mountaineer power plant. Injection of the captured CO2 began in October 2009 into two deep saline formations with a total of approximately 37,000 tonnes of CO2 was stored. The storage site closure was achieved in 2017 following six years of post-injection monitoring."]},{"C":["Mustang Station of Golden Spread Electric Cooperative Carbon Capture",0,4,0,"The University of Texas at Austin is conducting a Front-End Engineering and Design study for CO2 capture at the Mustang Station using Piperazine Advanced Stripper (PZAS) process. The Mustang Station is a 450 MWe natural gas-fired combine cycle power plant."],"R":20},{"C":["Nagaoka CO2 Storage Project",1,17,24,3,1,"The Nagaoka CO2 Storage Project in Niigata Prefecture was the first pilot CO2 injection test in Japan. The field test site for CO2 injection was situated at the Minami-Nagaoka onshore gas and oil field where the natural gas is produced from deep reservoirs. Overall, 10,400 tonnes of CO2 were injected into the reservoir between 2003 to 2005 with ongoing monitoring."]},{"C":["National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC)",2,0,15,5,"The NCCC is a dedicated testing facility in Alabama, United States, that provides first-class facilities to test developer technologies for extended periods under commercially representative conditions with coal-derived flue gas, syngas. The natural gas carbon capture testing system is currently in development. Simultaneous testing at a range of sizes helps accelerate the development of cost-effective carbon capture technologies."],"R":32},{"C":["National Geosequestration Laboratory (NGL) Australia",10,6,"The NGL is a research facility located in Perth, Australia, focusing on carbon storage research predominantly. The facilities enable all aspects of site characterisation to be undertaken storage capacity, containment security & injectivity, as well as monitoring and verification. The NGL works in partnership with the Western Australian Department of Mines and Petroleum on their South West Hub CCS Project."],"R":34,"Ø":8},{"C":["Nauticol Energy Blue Methanol",3,5,39,18,0,"Nauticol Energy and Enhance Energy have been jointly working on the development of a CO2 capture and sequestration project, capturing up to one million tonnes of CO2 per annum from Nauticol's proposed Blue Methanol facility near Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada."]},{"C":["NET Power Clean Energy Large-scale Pilot Plant",2,0,22,1,1,"In 2016, NET Power LLC commenced construction on a 50 MWth First-of-a-kind natural gas-fired power plant located near Houston, Texas, in order to test at large pilot-scale NET Power’s proprietary Allam Cycle Technology which uses CO2 as a working fluid in an oxy-fuel, supercritical CO2 power cycle to generate electricity. In March 2018, Net Power announced that it has successfully fired up its natural-gas plant."]},{"C":["Net Zero Teesside – BP H2Teesside",3,1,26,7,0,"BP is conducting a feasibility study for the H2Teesside project, with an initial 500MW of blue hydrogen production capacity capturing and storing 1 million tonnes of CO2 per annum CO2 by 2027, and an additional capacity to be deployed by 2030. The captured CO2 would be stored subsea via Northern Endurance Partnership’s offshore infrastructure."]},{"C":["Net Zero Teesside - CCGT Facility",3,1,"The Net Zero Teesside - CCGT Facility ( previously Clean Gas Project) will use natural gas to generate power via a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) gas-fired generating station, with CO2 captured and transported by pipeline for storage in a formation under the Southern North Sea. The infrastructure created would enable industrial clusters in Teesside"],"R":38},{"C":["Net Zero Teesside - NET Power Plant",39,"McDermott is undertaking Pre Front End Engineering Design (preFEED) of UK Teesside NET Power project from 8 Rivers Capital and the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy."],"R":54},{"C":["Net Zero Teesside - Suez Waste to Energy CCS",26,13,"Suez will conduct a feasibility study of carbon capture and storage from their Tees Valley (Lines 1 and 2) waste to energy facility at Haverton Hill on Teesside, United Kingdom. The captured CO₂ will be supplied to the Net Zero Teesside CCS Network."],"R":38},{"C":["Nevada Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Lincolnway Energy have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 257,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Lincolnway Energy Nevada biorefinery plant."],"R":32},{"C":["NextDecade Rio Grande LNG CCS",3,3,3,"The project aims to capture more than 5 million tons of CO2 for permanent storage in South Texas. It is associated with NextDecade’s Rio Grande LNG project in the Port of Brownsville."],"R":36},{"C":["Norcem Brevik - Cement Plant",5,8,0,11,"Langskip CCS - Brevik Norcem reached Final Investment Decision in December 2020 and is currently in construction to capture approximately 0.4 Mtpa of CO2 by 2024 from its Cement production plant in southern Norway."],"R":32},{"C":["Norcem Brevik - Shipping Route",81],"R":62},{"C":["Norfolk Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Louis Dreyfus Company have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 152,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Louis Dreyfus Norfolk biorefinery plant."],"R":40},{"C":["Northern Gas Network H21 North of England",3,1,6,7,"The H21 North of England project aims to decarbonize power, heat and transport across the North of England. It aims to convert the UK gas grid from natural gas (methane) to zero-carbon hydrogen. The project could start in 2026 - 2028. By 2035, the project would have the potential to become the largest CCUS project in the world."],"R":32},{"C":["Northern Lights - Pipeline",8,0,5,1,"The offshore Aurora area has been evaluated as the optimal storage site and will involve a pipeline transportation system from the shipping offloading point at Naturgassparken."],"R":2},{"C":["Northern Lights - Storage","Offshore Aurora area storage location has been selected."],"R":62},{"C":["One Earth Energy facility Carbon Capture",0,0,3,0,0," A CO2 capture assessment will be performed for the One Earth Energy facility, an ethanol production plant in  Illinois, the United States. The storage site is the adjacent Illinois Storage Corrider, a CCS network."]},{"C":["Onida Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Ringneck Energy & Feed have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 229,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Ringneck Energy & Feed Onida biorefinery plant."],"R":54},{"C":["Orca",2,12,23,19,"The Orca installation has the capacity of capturing 4,000 tons CO2 per year using Climeworks direct air capture (DAC) technique. The nearby Hellisheiði geothermal power plant supplies renewable energy to the DAC process. All captured CO2 is injected by Carbfix in a dedicated injection well into nearby basaltic formations and permanently turned into stone."],"R":32},{"C":["Osaki CoolGen Project",5,17,7,1,1,"The Osaki CoolGen Project, located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, aims to demonstrate at large-scale, oxygen-blown integrated coal gasification combined cycle IGCC technologies, including CO2 separation and capture technology. Demonstration testing of the oxygen-blown IGCC system Stage 1 commenced in late March 2017 and will continue for two years. Stage 2, which involves the addition of CO2 capture and separation facilities at the capture capacity of 100,000 to 150,000 tonnes per annum, is planned for later in the decade."]},{"C":["Otter Tail Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Green Plains have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 172,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Green Plains Otter Tail biorefinery plant."]},{"C":["OXY and Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture and EOR Facility",4,6,"1PointFive is developing the world’s largest DAC and storage facility, which will use Carbon Engineering’s technology and have a capacity of up to 1.0 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) CO2 capture, when fully built. The captured CO2 will be securely stored in Occidental’s oil and gas operations in the Permian Basin."],"R":38},{"C":["Oxy-combustion of Heavy Liquid Fuels - 15 MW Pilot Test",1,15,1,"Heavy fuel oil is an important resource for power generation in the Middle East. Key goals of a 15 MWth pilot test campaign undertaken in Connecticut, United States, were \r\n•\ta to validate oil heavy residues OHR oxy-fuel combustion technology with CO2 capture, and \r\n•\tb support the basis of design for a demonstration-scale facility. The next phase is to prepare a feasibility study FEED for a demonstration-scale plant in a refinery context to solidify cost estimates and develop the required test program."],"R":4,"Ø":8},{"C":["PAU Central Sulawesi Clean Fuel Ammonia Production with CCUS",3,20,39,8,0,"Mitsubishi Corporation is leading a joint carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) feasibility study for the clean fuel ammonia production in Central Sulawesi, the Republic of Indonesia."]},{"C":["PCS Nitrogen",2,0,1,"Denbury Resources sources CO2 from an industrial facility in Louisiana, United States, to support its CO2-EOR operations in the Gulf Coast region. Capture began in 2013 and the Institute estimates that annual uptake is in the range of 200,000 to 300,000 tonnes of CO2 per annum."],"R":48},{"C":["Pembina Cardium CO2 Monitoring Pilot",1,5,40,3,1,"A comprehensive CO2-EOR monitoring pilot was undertaken at the Pembina oil field in Alberta, Canada, in the period from February 2005 to March 2008, published data suggests cumulative CO2 injection in the period to end 2007 was around 70,000 tonnes."]},{"C":["Petra Nova Carbon Capture",6,0,35,1,0,"From early 2020, operation of the Petra Nova capture facility has been suspended. It is expected to remain suspended until economics recovery.\r\nPetra Nova Carbon Capture is the world's largest post-combustion CO2 capture system. Production unit 8 of the W. A. Parish power plant near Houston, Texas, was retrofitted with a 1.4 Mtpa post-combustion CO2 capture facility. The captured CO2 is transported via pipeline to an oil field near Houston for enhanced oil recovery."]},{"C":["Petrobras Santos Basin Pre-Salt Oil Field CCS",2,23,15,3,"Since 2011, Petrobras has developed CO2 separation and injection systems installed in eight FPSO’s for the production of O&G fields located in the offshore Santos Basin Pre-Salt. The CO2 associated with the natural gas is separated then compressed and injected on gas injection wells for enhanced oil recovery. As of June 2021, the Santos Basin Pre-Salt development reached the milestone of 21.4 million tons of CO2 injected cumulatively, with 7 million tonnes injected in 2020. The project’s ambition is to inject a total of 40 million tonnes of CO2 by 2025,  contributing to the technological evolution, cost reduction, and demonstration of the safety of the CCUS technology."],"R":32},{"C":["PetroChina Changqing Oil Field EOR CCUS",7,35,20,1,"PetroChina has been running CO2-EOR trials in Changqing Oil Field since 2014. In 2017,  the CO2-EOR operations were scaled up to 50,000 to 100,000 tonnes per annum. CO2 is captured from a coal-to--liquids plant. Injecting CO2 into these reservoirs has the added benefit of enhanced oil recovery while sequestering CO2 to reduce warm gas emissions."],"R":2},{"C":["Petronas Kasawari Gas Field Development Project",3,25,3,0,"Petronas Carigali, is developing the Kasawari gas field in the Malaysian part of the South China Sea. Carbon capture and storage is considered as one of the CO2 management technologies for the gas project."],"Ø":8},{"C":["Pilot Carbon Storage Project (PCSP) - Zululand Basin, South Africa",0,26,7,10,1,"The PCSP constitutes the next critical phase of CCS development in South Africa. The project will constitute a proof of concept for CCS as well as capacity building in the country and is an important step in South Africa’s CCS roadmap. The project involves the injection, storage and monitoring of 10,000 - 50,000 tonnes of supercritical CO2 in an onshore deep saline formation with the target being the onshore Zululand Basin."]},{"C":["Plainview Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Husker Ag have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 315,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Husker Ag Plainview biorefinery plant."],"R":2},{"C":["Plant Barry & Citronelle Integrated Project",1,11,1,1,"The combined capture and storage operations made this project, at its time of operation, the largest integrated CO2 capture and geologic storage project applied to a power plant in the United States. A pilot facility with a CO2 capture capacity of 150,000 tonnes per annum was retrofitted to the coal-fired Production Unit 5 at Plant Barry Power Station in Alabama. CO2 capture operations began in June 2011 and ended in December 2015. Captured CO2 was transported via pipeline to the Citronelle oil field for geological storage from August 2012 to September 2014. Over 114,000 tonnes of CO2 was injected and stored. A three-year post-injection monitoring program is to end in September 2017 though some monitoring will continue, no additional CO2 injection is planned."],"R":4},{"C":["Plant Daniel Carbon Capture",0,4,0,"A carbon capture plant retrofit Front-End Engineering and Design (FEED) study using the Southern Company subsidiary Mississippi Power’s Plant Daniel existing natural gas-fired combined cycle power units as a basis is currently underway by Southern Company Services and Linde-BASF."],"R":20},{"C":["Pleasant Prairie Power Plant Field Pilot",1,19,1,"This pilot project at the We Energies power plant in Wisconsin, US, was the first field plant constructed by Alstom to test the Chilled Ammonia CO2 post-combustion capture technology. The pilot operated for 7,700 hours between June 2008 and October 2009."],"R":20},{"C":["Polaris CCS Project",3,5,16,7,0,"Shell is developing the Polaris CCS project capturing CO2 from its Scotford Complex near Edmonton, Canada. The initial phase of the Polaris CCS project would capture and store approximately 750,000 tonnes per annum CO2. The captured CO2 would be transported via pipeline to storage wells located near Josephburg, Alberta, the same formation used to store CO2 from the Quest CCS facility."]},{"C":["Porthos - Compressor Station",0,4,0,5,"Compression station. Receives 35 bar gas-phase CO2, compresses it to up to 130 bar dense phase, for transport to offshore storage site."],"R":32},{"C":["Porthos - Offshore Pipeline","Offshore pipeline is 40cm in diameter. Operates at up to 130 bar (dense phase). Length 22km to P18-A gas platform (existing)"],"R":62},{"C":["Porthos - Onshore Pipeline","Onshore piping is 108cm diameter. Operating pressure ~35 bar (gas phase). Length 30 km."],"R":62},{"C":["Porthos - Storage","Existing gas platform P18-A will be used as basis for new storage operations. Existing gas well will be retrofitted with a new inner-tube for integrity of injection operations."],"R":62},{"C":["Post-Combustion Capture (PCC)@CSIRO",2,10,40,1,1,"The PCC@CSIRO has been operating since 2005, resulting in sizeable infrastructure to guide scale-up and deployment of post-combustion CO2 capture PCC technology. It entails pilot and in-house development facilities at a number of locations in Australia. Ongoing research focuses on underpinning PCC demonstration in Australia through engagement with technology suppliers and technology development targeted on the Australian application."]},{"C":["Prairie State Generating Station Carbon Capture",0,0,4,0,"The University of Illinois was awarded a project by the U.S. Department of Energy to perform a front-end engineering and design (FEED) study to capture 5-6 million tonnes per annum CO2 from the 816 MWe coal-fired unit of Prairie State Energy Campus, Illinois, USA. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries’ new KS-21 and Advanced KM CDR Process™ will be evaluated as the key technology for carbon capture."],"R":16},{"C":["Preem Refinery CCS",3,15,3,7,"The Preem Refinery CCS project aims to utilise carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology to reduce the 500,000 tonnes per annum CO2 emission in Preem’s hydrogen gas plant at the Lysekil refinery on the west coast of Sweden."],"R":32},{"C":["Project Interseqt - Hereford Ethanol Plant",0,14,0,"Occidental, through its subsidiaries and White Energy propose to capture CO2 from White Energy’s ethanol facility in Hereford, Texas. The captured CO2 will be securely stored in Occidental’s oil and gas operations  in thePermian Basin."],"R":34},{"C":["Project Interseqt - Plainview Ethanol Plant","Occidental, through its subsidiaries, and White Energy propose to capture CO2 from White Energy’s ethanol facility in Plainview, Texas. The captured CO2 will be securely stored in Occidental’s oil and gas operations in the Permian Basin."],"R":62},{"C":["Project Pouakai Hydrogen Production with CCS",27,0,5,"Project Pouakai is under development to build clean hydrogen, fertiliser, and power generation industrial complex in the Taranaki Region, New Zealand, with near-zero CO2 greenhouse gas emissions using CCS. The capacity for CO2 capture and storage will be 1 million tonnes per annum."],"R":34},{"C":["Project Tundra",0,0,37,1,"The Minnkota Power Cooperative is planning the retrofit of a 3.1 to 3.6 Mtpa CO2 capture plant to the Milton R. Young coal-fired power station in North Dakota USA. Carbon dioxide will be captured from Unit 2 of the power station, which generates 455 megawatts of electric (MWe). They are initially targeting dedicated geological storage sites. The project team is also studying the future potential for the utilisation of CO2 from this facility for EOR."],"R":32},{"C":["Qatar LNG CCS",2,28,27,3,"Qatargas currently separates CO2 in the Ras Laffan LNG production from its North Field. The CO2 capture and storage capacity is approximately 2.1 million tonnes per annum."],"R":32},{"C":["Quest",5,18,7,"Quest, located in Alberta, Canada, retrofitted CO2 capture facilities to three steam methane reformers SMRs at the existing Scotford Upgrader. Launched in November 2015, Quest has the capacity to capture approximately 1 Mtpa of CO2. The captured CO2 is transported via pipeline to the storage site for dedicated geological storage. In April 2021, Quest announced it had captured and stored over six million tonnes of CO2."],"R":34},{"C":["Red Trail Energy BECCS Project",3,0,3,0,"Red Trail Energy has undertaken a preliminary feasibility study in building a CCS facility including a site-specific geologic evaluation, capturing around 0.18 Mtpa CO2 from its ethanol production facility in North Dakota, the United States."],"R":32},{"C":["Redfield Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Redfield Energy have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 172,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Redfield Energy biorefinery plant."],"R":52},{"C":["Renfrew Oxy-fuel (Oxycoal 2) Project",1,1,41,1,1,"This project consisted of an initial oxy-fuel technology mapping phase followed by testing of a 40-MWth oxy-fuel burner at Renfrew, Scotland, under realistic operating conditions and included testing adaptation from air-firing to oxy-fuel firing on pulverised coal.  The pilot facility completed 20 test days. The project started in late 2007 and was completed in early 2011."]},{"C":["Repsol Sakakemang Carbon Capture and Injection",3,20,6,3,0,"Repsol SA is developing the natural gas reserves in Sakakeman Block located in South Sumatera, Indonesia, with geological carbon capture and storage. The CCS component of the project is planned to inject 1.5 to 2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year into the Dayung and Gelam fields."]},{"C":["San Juan Basin ECBM Storage Test",1,0,19,6,1,"The San Juan Basin pilot test in New Mexico, US, was undertaken to examine the efficacy of enhanced coal-bed methane ECBM recovery and of CO2 storage in deep unmineable coal seams. Carbon dioxide injection into the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland-production fairway began in July 2008 and continued through to August 2009, over which time approximately 18,000 tonnes of CO2 was injected."]},{"C":["San Juan Generating Station Carbon Capture",0,0,1,0,"Enchant Energy proposes to capture up to 6 million metric tonnes per annum of CO2 from the SJGS Unit 1 (340 MW) and Unit 4 (507 MW). Captured CO2 will be directly geologically sequestered, with an EOR backup plan  used for enhanced oil recovery in the Permian Basin. CO2 sequestration in EPA-certified Class VI injection wells is under examination and funded through the DOE CarbonSAFE III award. The SJGS retrofit project FEED study awarded by the US DOE is on-going."],"R":4},{"C":["Santos Cooper Basin CCS Project",5,10,14,3,"Santos Cooper Basin CCS Project is currently in front end engineering design for capture 1.7 million tonnes per annum CO2 from the Moomba gas processing plant in South Australia, Australia. The capture CO2 will be reinjected in the depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs at Cooper Basin."],"R":32},{"C":["Saskatchewan NET Power Plant",3,5,39,1,"8 Rivers Capital and the City of Estevan are undertaking a feasibility study for a commercial NET Power plant deployment near Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada."],"R":32},{"C":["Schwarze Pumpe Oxy-fuel Pilot Plant",1,22,19,1,"The 30 MWth Schwarze Pumpe oxy-fuel pilot was the world’s first large-scale testing of the entire oxy-fuel combustion technology chain. The plant was commissioned in September 2008. In May 2014, Vattenfall announced it was discontinuing research into coal-fired power with CCS. The pilot plant captured and liquefied approximately 11,000 tonnes of CO2. Around 1,500 tonnes of CO2 from the Schwarze Pumpe oxy-fuel capture pilot plant was injected during a six-week period in May-June 2011 at the Ketzin storage site."],"R":16},{"C":["Shand Carbon Capture Test Facility (CCTF)",2,5,18,6,"The Shand Carbon Capture Test Facility officially opened in 2015 and was built in partnership between SaskPower and Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, with the Government of Canada also contributing funding towards its design. The facility captures a small amount of exhaust flue gas from the neighbouring Shand Power Station, providing a neutral platform for vendors to test amine-based, post-combustion technologies in a commercial setting."],"R":32},{"C":["Shell Refinery Rotterdam CCS",4,4,0,7,0,"Shell is purusing a range of decarbonization options for its Pernis refinery and Moerdijk chemical plant. The strategy is to convert these assets into a chemical and energy park over the next three decades. Shell’s participation in the Porthos CC(U)S project is a cornerstone of the decarbonization strategy."]},{"C":["Shenandoah Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Green Plains have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 235,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Green Plains Shenandoah biorefinery plant."],"R":40},{"C":["Shenhua Group Ordos Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Demonstration Project",1,7,15,20,1,"This is one of the largest pilot or demonstration scale CCS projects in the world to have injected CO2 into a dedicated geological storage setting and is a pioneering project in China for evaluating CO2 injection in such enviroment. It is China’s first entirely coal-based full-chain CCS project. The CO2 was sourced from the Ordos coal liquefaction plant, with the liquid CO2 transported a short distance to the injection site. Four injection tests were performed periodically from 2011 to 2014 for a total CO2 injection volume of approximately 300,000 tonnes."]},{"C":["Shute Creek Gas Processing Plant",2,0,42,3,0,"The Shute Creek gas treating facility, located in Wyoming, began operation in 1986. After a plant expansion was completed in 2010, annual CO2 capture capacity is now at around 7 Mtpa. The captured CO2 is distributed via pipeline systems to a number of depleted oil fields in Wyoming and Colorado for use in enhanced oil recovery."]},{"C":["Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical CCS",5,7,23,9,"Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical CCS plans to retrofit a CO2 capture system to an existing coal/coke water slurry gasification unit at a fertiliser plant in Zibo City, Shangdong Province, China.The facility is in construction with a capture unit capable of close to 1.0 Mpta CO2 scheduled by 2021 timeframe. The CO2 stream would be transported by pipeline to the Shengli oilfield for enhanced oil recovery."],"R":32},{"C":["Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Pilot Project",2,10,1,1,"Approximately 30,000-40,000 tonnes per annum of CO2 can be captured from a pilot facility at the Sinopec Shengli power plant, located in Shandong Province, China. The captured CO2 is transported by road tanker to the Shengli oil field for enhanced oil recovery EOR. The pilot capture facility became operational in the latter part of 2010 though CO2-EOR operations began in early 2008."],"R":4},{"C":["Sinopec Shengli Power Plant CCS",3,25,0,"China Petrochemical Corporation Sinopec plans to build a post-combustion capture system to a newly built thermal power production unit as part of Phase III of the Shengli Power Plant development in Dongying City, Shandong Province, China. The CO2 capture facilities, with a capacity of 1 Mtpa, are expected to begin operation in the 2020s. The captured CO2 would be transported by pipeline to the Shengli oilfield for enhanced oil recovery."],"R":20},{"C":["Sinopec Zhongyuan Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage",2,17,9,"The pilot facility includes a 20,000 tonnes per annum tpa CO2 capture facility that has been operational since 2006, an additional 100,000 tpa CO2 capture facility was added in 2015. The CO2 is captured from a petrochemical complex in Henan Province, China. It is then transported to the Zhongyuan oil field for enhanced oil recovery operations."],"R":36},{"C":["Sioux Center Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Siouxland Energy Cooperative have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 186,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Siouxland Energy Cooperative Sioux Center biorefinery plant."],"R":32},{"C":["Sleipner CO2 Storage",2,8,43,3,"The Sleipner CO2 Storage facility was the first in the world to inject CO2 into a dedicated geological storage setting. The Sleipner facility, located offshore Norway, has captured CO2 as part of the Sleipner area gas development since 1996. The captured CO2 is directly injected into an offshore sandstone reservoir. Approximately 0.85 million tonnes of CO2 is injected per annum and over 17 million tonnes has been injected since inception to date."],"R":32},{"C":["Snøhvit CO2 Storage",19,"The Snøhvit CO2 Storage facilities form part of the development of gas fields in the Barents Sea, offshore Norway. The CO2 is captured at an LNG facility on the island of Melkøya, northern Norway, where the offshore sourced gas stream is processed. The facility is designed to capture 0.7 Mtpa of CO2. The captured CO2 is transported via pipeline back to the Snøhvit field offshore where it is injected into an offshore storage reservoir, 7 million tonnes of CO2 has been stored to date since 2008."],"R":54},{"C":["South West Hub",3,10,44,21,1,"The South West Hub in Western Australia is a CCS initiative under which the Lesueur Formation has been investigated as a pre-competitive data acquisition phase of storage characterisation. 3D seismic has been acquired and 4 wells drilled to inform detailed geological and simulation models. While the results are encouraging, uncertainties remain. A detailed uncertainty management and new data acquisition plan centred on a deep Harvey 5 well has been developed, but is unfunded at present."]},{"C":["Steamboat Rock Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Pine Lake Corn Processors have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 229,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Pine Lake Corn Processors Steamboat Rock biorefinery plant."]},{"C":["STEPWISE Pilot of SEWGS Technology at Swerea/Mefos",2,15,35,2,1,"In the Stepwise project, the Sorption Enhanced Water Gas Shift reaction SEWGS process is to be demonstrated at a CO2 capture rate of 14 tonnes per day. The pilot is situated at the SWERIM facilities in Luleå, Sweden, where it will be fed with blast furnace gas from the adjacent steel plant of SSAB. The test facility was officially launched in September 2017, with a number of campaigns planned over the next two years."]},{"C":["Stockholm Exergi BECCS",0,3,22,0,"Details of this facility are pending confirmation by the proponent."],"R":4},{"C":["Stockholm Exergi BECCS - Shipping Route"],"R":126},{"C":["Superior Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Green Plains have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 172,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Green Plains Superior biorefinery plant."],"R":34},{"C":["Svante and Husky Energy VeloxoTherm Capture Process Test",5,22,4,1,"Svante and Husky Energy lead investor commissioned a 30-tonne per day CO2 capture pilot plant at Husky Energy’s Pikes Peak South heavy oil thermal project in 2018. The captured CO2 is used to enhance the recovery of heavy oil from adjacent assets."],"R":2},{"C":["Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM)",2,8,11,"The CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad TCM is located at an industrial complex adjacent to the Mongstad refinery near Bergen, Norway, and has been operational since 2012. The demonstration test facility comprises two capture units, one designed for amine-based solvents and the other for chilled aqueous ammonia."],"R":48},{"C":["Terrell Natural Gas Processing Plant (formerly Val Verde Natural Gas Plants)",0,45,3,0,"The Terrell gas processing facility is one of the original Val Verde natural gas processing plants in west Texas, that began capturing CO2 as part of gas processing since the early 1970s. Captured CO2 is transported via the Val Verde pipeline to McCamey, Texas, where it connects with the Canyon Reef Carriers CRC pipeline and the Pecos pipeline. The CO2 is then distributed to mature oil fields for enhanced oil recovery. The Terrell facility has a CO2 capture capacity of around 0.4-0.5 Mtpa."],"R":2},{"C":["The Illinois Clean Fuels Project",3,3,9,"The Illinois Clean Fuels Project is in development to produce sustainable aviation fuel and renewable diesel from municipal solid waste.  ICF will capture and store 8,125 Mtpa of CO2, delivering a very far below zero lifecycle carbon intensity."],"R":36},{"C":["The ZEROS Project",5,14,1,"The ZEROS project is a proposed (two-plant) six-plant project in Texas, United States, designed to gasify and combust waste fuels in an oxyfuel-based process. This ensures high CO2 concentrations in flue gas, suitable for capture and storage"],"R":36},{"C":["Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project",2,17,2,7,1,"Endorsed by Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project captures CO2 from a hydrogen production unit at Idemitsu Kosan’s Hokkaido Refinery at Tomakomai port, Hokkaido, Japan. Approximately 100,000 tonnes of CO2 per annum is to be injected into two near shore storage sites over the period FY2016-2018, with post-injection monitoring continuing for another two years following termination of injection."]},{"C":["UKCCSRC Pilot-scale Advanced Capture Technology (PACT)",1,1,"The UKCCSRC Pilot-scale Advanced Capture Technology PACT facilities bring together a range of integrated pilot-scale and accompanying specialist research and analytical facilities, supported by leading academic expertise. The PACT core facility, where the post-combustion pilot is installed, is located at Sheffield, UK, and is jointly operated by the Universities of Leeds and Sheffield. There are also two complementary satellite facilities operated by Cranfield University and the University of Edinburgh."],"R":34,"Ø":8},{"C":["Uthmaniyah CO2-EOR Demonstration",29,18,3,0,"Uthmaniyah CO2-EOR Demonstration compresses and dehydrates CO2 from the Hawiyah NGL natural gas liquids Recovery plant in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Operations commenced in 2015 with a CO2 capture capacity of around 0.8 Mtpa. The captured CO2 is transported via pipeline to the injection site in Ghawar oil field a small flooded area in the Uthmaniyah production unit for enhanced oil recovery."],"R":2},{"C":["Velocys’ Bayou Fuels Negative Emission Project",3,0,3,9,"Oxy Low Carbon Ventures is planning to take, transport and store CO2 captured from Velocys Inc’s proposed Bayou Fuels biomass-to-fuels facility. When in operation in 2025, the plant will have a capacity to capture 0.5 million tonnes CO2 per annum while enabling the production of negative emission transportation fuels."],"R":32},{"C":["Wabash CO2 Sequestration",0,21,8,"Wabash Valley Resources LLC aims to develop a hydrogen plant with near-zero CO2 emissions using a repurposed integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant in Indiana, USA. The facility will capture 1.5 to 1.75 Mtpa CO2 for dedicated geological storage in the Wabash CarbonSAFE CO2 storage hub."],"R":36},{"C":["Wallumbilla Renewable Methane Demonstration Project",10,23,14,1,"The Wallumbilla Renewable Methane Demonstration Project aims to start operation by late 2021, and to demonstrate the potential of producing renewable methane using renewable hydrogen and CO2 from solar-powered direct air capture (DAC) technology."],"R":2},{"C":["Watertown Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Glacial Lakes Energy have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 372,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Glacial Lakes Energy Watertown biorefinery plant."],"R":2},{"C":["Wentworth Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","Summit Carbon Solutions and Dakota Ethanol have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 257,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Dakota Ethanol Wentworth biorefinery plant."],"R":62},{"C":["West Pearl Queen CO2 Sequestration Pilot Test and Modelling Project",1,28,6,1,"The sandstone reservoirs of the West Pearl Queen oil field in New Mexico, US, were chosen to be the first test in the US of the feasibility of storing CO2 in depleted oil and gas reservoirs. Approximately 2,000 tonnes of CO2 was injected into the field over a 50 day period from December 2002 to February 2003 with a post-injection seismic survey acquired in mid-2003."],"R":4},{"C":["Wilhelmshaven CO2 Capture Pilot Plant",22,11,1,"The pilot plant captured CO2 from a side stream of the Wilhelmshaven coal-fired power station in Germany. The pilot plant was designed to capture approximately 70 tonnes of CO2 per day at full capacity. The pilot plant was commissioned in the first half of 2012 and achieved 4,500 hours of operation through to the first quarter of 2014."],"R":34},{"C":["Wood River Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Green Plains have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 346,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Green Plains Wood River biorefinery plant."]},{"C":["Wyoming Integrated Test Center (ITC)",2,22,1,1,"The Wyoming Integrated Test Center provides carbon capture tests using 20 MW of actual coal based flue gas. Additional research at the test center will look at taking flue gas and turning it into a marketable commodity."],"R":4},{"C":["Yanchang Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Demonstration",7,11,9,"Yanchang Petroleum, through affiliates developed a pilot CO2 capture facility at its coal-to-chemicals plant capturing 0.05 Mtpa CO2 since 2012. Captured CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery EOR in oil fields in the Ordos Basin in central China."],"R":34},{"C":["York Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage",0,0,0,0,0,"Summit Carbon Solutions and Green Plains have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 143,000 tonnes per annum CO2 from the Green Plains York biorefinery plant."]},{"C":["Zama Field Validation Test",1,5,40,3,1,"While commercial acid gas injection approximately 70% CO2 and 30% H2S and hydrocarbon recovery operations were being undertaken at the Zama oil field in Alberta, Canada, the Plains CO2 Reduction PCOR Partnership conducted monitoring, verification and accounting MVA activities. The MVA, acid gas injection and enhanced oil recovery activities at the Zama oil field that are considered part of Phase II of the PCOR Partnership program were conducted from October 2005 through to July 2009."]},{"C":["ZERO Carbon Humber - Keady 3 CCS Power Station",3,1,26,1,0,"SSE Thermal and Equinor are developing a 910MW natural gas combined cycle power (NGCC) plant with CCS, Keady 3 CCS Power Station in North Lincolnshire, United Kingdom."]}]}],"IC":true,"HAD":true,"ValueDicts":{"D0":["Aberdeen Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","Aberthaw Pilot Carbon Capture Facility","Abu Dhabi CCS (Phase 1 being Emirates Steel Industries)","Abu Dhabi CCS Phase 2: Natural gas processing plant","Acorn","Acorn (Minimum Viable CCS Development)","Acorn Direct Air Capture Facility","Acorn Hydrogen","Adriatic Blue - ENI Hydrogen CCS","Adriatic Blue - ENI Power CCS","Air Liquide Refinery Rotterdam CCS","Air Products Refinery Rotterdam CCS","Air Products Steam Methane Reformer","Alberta Carbon Trunk Line (ACTL) with North West Redwater Partnership's Sturgeon Refinery CO2 Stream","Alberta Carbon Trunk Line (ACTL) with Nutrien CO2 Stream","Antwerp@C - BASF Antwerp CCS","Antwerp@C – Borealis Antwerp CCS","Antwerp@C - Exxonmobil Antwerp Refinery CCS","Antwerp@C – Ineos Antwerp CCS","Arkalon CO2 Compression Facility","Atkinson Biorefinery  Carbon Capture and Storage","Australia-China Post Combustion Capture (PCC) Feasibility Study Project","Barents Blue","Bell Creek - Incidental CO2 Storage Associated with a Commercial EOR Project","Bonanza BioEnergy CCUS EOR","Borg CO2","Borger CO2 Compression Facility","Boryeong - KoSol Process for CO2 Capture (KPCC) Test","Boundary Dam 3 Carbon Capture and Storage Facility","Bridgeport Energy Moonie CCUS project","Brindisi CO2 Capture Pilot Plant","Buggenum Carbon Capture (CO2 Catch-up) Pilot Project","C2A2 Field Pilot - Le Havre","Cal Capture","Caledonia Clean Energy","Callide Oxyfuel Project","CarbFix Project","Carbon Clean Solutions Solvay Vishnu Capture Project","Carbon TerraVault I Project","Caroline Carbon Capture Power Complex","Casselton Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","CASTOR","CEMCAP","Central City Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","Century Plant","CESAR","China Coalbed Methane Technology Sequestration Project","Chinese-European Emission-Reducing Solutions (CHEERS)","Cinfracap - Pipeline","Cinfracap - Shipping Route","CIUDEN: CO2 Capture & Transport Technology Development Plant","CIUDEN: CO2 Storage Technology Development Plant","Clean Energy Systems Carbon Negative Energy Plant - Central Valley","CMC Research Institutes (CMCRI)","CNOOC South China Sea Offshore CCS","CNPC Jilin Oil Field CO2 EOR","CNPC Jilin Oil Field EOR Demonstration Project","CO2 Capture Test Facility at Norcem Brevik","CO2 Sequestration Field Test: Deep Unminable Lignite Seam","CO2 Solutions Valleyfield Carbon Capture Demonstration Project","CO2CRC Otway","Coffeyville Gasification Plant","Copenhill (Amager Bakke) Waste to Energy CCS","Core Energy CO2-EOR","COURSE 50 - CO2 Ultimate Reduction in Steelmaking Process by Innovative Technology for Cool Earth 50","Coyote Clean Power Project","Cranfield Project","CTSCo Surat Basin CCS Project","Daqing Oil Field EOR Demonstration Project","Dave Johnston Plant Carbon Capture","DMX™ Demonstration in Dunkirk","Drax BECCS Project","Drax bioenergy carbon capture pilot plant","Dry Fork Integrated Commercial Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)","E.W. Brown 0.7 MWe Pilot Carbon Capture Unit","EAGLE","ELCOGAS Pre-combustion Carbon Capture Pilot Project: Puertollano","Enid Fertilizer","Ervia Cork CCS","ExxonMobil Benelux Refinery CCS","Fairmont Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","Farnsworth Unit EOR Field Project - Development Phase","Ferrybridge Carbon Capture Pilot (CCPilot100+)","Fortum Oslo Varme - Klemetsrud Waste to Energy Plant","Fortum Oslo Varme - Shipping Route","Fortum Oslo Varme - Truck Route","Frio Brine Pilot","Fuel Cell Carbon Capture Pilot Plant","G2 Net-Zero LNG","Galva Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","Geothermal Plant with CO2 Re-injection","Gerald Gentleman Station Carbon Capture","Goldfield Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","Gorgon Carbon Dioxide Injection","Grand Junction Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","Granite Falls Biorefinery Carbon Capture and Storage","Great Plains Synfuels Plant and Weyburn-Midale","Gundih CCS Pilot","Guodian Taizhou Power Station Carbon Capture","Guohua Jinjie CCS Full Chain Demonstration"],"D1":["Advanced Development","Completed","Operational","Early Development","Advanced Development (pending validation by proponent)","In Construction","Operation Suspended"],"D2":["USA","United Kingdom","United Arab Emirates","Italy","Netherlands","Canada","Belgium","China","Norway","South Korea","Australia","France","Iceland","India","Denmark","Sweden","Spain","Japan","Ireland","Croatia","Indonesia","Algeria","Germany","Brazil","Hungary","Malaysia","South Africa","New Zealand","Qatar","Saudi Arabia"],"D3":["2024","2013","2016","2025","Mid 2020s","2021 - 2022","2026","2020","2030","2009","2010","2012","2001","2014","2023","2011","Middle 2020s","2006","2015","2008","2004","2022","2018","2021","2003","2020s","2027","2019","2002","1982","2028","2000","Early 2020s","2020 - 2021","2026-2027","2017","2020's","2025 - 2026","1992","Late 2020s","2005","2007","1986","1996","N/A","1972"],"D4":["Ethanol Production","Power Generation","Iron and Steel Production","Natural Gas Processing","Oil Refining","Various","N/A","Hydrogen Production","Fertiliser Production","Chemical Production","Under evaluation","Cement Production","Power Generation and Hydrogen Production","Waste Incineration","Industrial Applications","Power Generation and Refining","Ethanol Production and Fertiliser Production","Synthetic Natural Gas","Methanol Production","Direct Air Capture","Coal-to-liquids (CTL)","Fertiliser Production and Power Generation","Bioenergy"],"D5":["Commercial CCS Facility","Pilot and Demonstration CCS Facility"],"D6":["Summit Carbon Solutions and Glacial Lakes Energy have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 143,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Glacial Lakes Energy Aberdeen biorefinery plant.","A pilot-scale plant at the Aberthaw power station in South Wales UK tested the Cansolv integrated CO2 and SO2 removal system during 2013/2014. ","Abu Dhabi CCS is the world’s first fully commercial CCS facility in the iron and steel industry, and involves the capture of CO2 via a new build CO2 Compression Facility using high purity CO2 produced as a by-product of the direct reduced iron-making process at the Emirates Steel Industries factory in Mussafah. Launched in November 2016, the compression facility has a capture capacity of 0.8 Mtpa. The captured CO2 is transported via pipeline to Abu Dhabi National Oil Company ADNOC oil reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery.","Abu Dhabi National Oil Company is developing its second CCUS facility in the United Arab Emirates. It will capture 1.9 to 2.3 Mtpa of CO2 from its gas processing plant for EOR. Both the Abu Dhabi Phase 1 (CO2 capture from the Emirates Steel Industries steel plant) and Abu Dhabi Phase 2 facilities will store CO2 in the same reservoir.","Acorn is an ambitious programme designed to tackle climate change by dealing with industrial CO2 emissions and other ‘hard to decarbonise’ sectors. By making use of oil and gas pipelines that are already in place, offshore geology that is ideal for permanently storing carbon dioxide (CO2), and a region that is embracing hydrogen as a fuel of the future, this project is a really important catalyst for the next phase of the UK and Europe’s journey to Net Zero. There are two key elements to the Acorn project: Acorn CCS and Acorn Hydrogen.","The primary objective of the Acorn project is to initiate a low cost full chain CCS project in the North East of Scotland. This would act as a seed [Acorn] from which to grow a cluster of capture, transport and storage infrastructure, using the unique combination of legacy circumstances at St Fergus in North East Scotland, where CO2 is separated from natural gas and vented, adjacent to an offshore transport pipeline, which connects to a well understood offshore basin, rich in storage opportunities. Funding to support feasibility studies has been awarded from the ACT Accelerating CCS Technologies initiative.","Storegga and Carbon Engineering commenced pre-FEED studies on a direct carbon capture facility in Scoland, UK. The facility is expected to be online in 2026.","Pale Blue Dot is developing the Acorn Hydrogen project. The project plans to take North Sea natural gas and reform it into clean hydrogen.  The captured CO2 will be transported and stored via the Acorn CCS infrastructure currently in early development.","ENI Hydrogen CCS project plans to capture CO2 from a hydrogen generation plant. The CO2 transport and storage will be via the Adriatic Blue CCS Network off the coast of Ravenna, Italy.","ENI Power CCS project plans to capture CO2 from two ENI power stations. The CO2 transport and storage will be through the Adriatic Blue CCS Network off the coast of Ravenna, Italy.","Air Liquide is assessing its refinery plant in Botlek Rotterdam, Netherlands as one of the potential refineries to produce blue hydrogen when combined with carbon capture and storage.\nDetails of this facility are pending confirmation by the proponent.","Air Products is assessing its refinery plant in Botlek Rotterdam, Netherlands as one of the potential refineries to produce blue hydrogen when combined with carbon capture and storage.\nDetails of this facility are pending confirmation by the proponent.","Air Products retrofitted each of its two steam methane reformers SMRs, located within an existing refinery at Port Arthur, Texas, to separate CO2 from the process gas stream. Carbon dioxide capture capacity is at around 1 Mtpa when both plants are fully operational. The captured CO2 is transported to oil fields in Texas for enhanced oil recovery. More than 6 million tonnes of CO2 has been captured since the facilities became operational in 2013.","The Alberta Carbon Trunk Line (ACTL) transports CO2 from a number of sources in Alberta’s Industrial Heartland, near Redwater, to declining oil fields in Central Alberta for the purpose of enhanced oil recovery. The initial sources of CO2 for the ACTL includes the new build North West Redwater NWR Partnerships Sturgeon Refinery, which include a new CO2 compression and cooling facility owned by Wolf Midstream and able to capture 1.3-1.6 Mtpa CO2 for transport via ACTL. The ACTL commenced full operation in June 2020.","The Alberta Carbon Trunk Line (ACTL) transports CO2 from multiple sources in Alberta’s Industrial Heartland, near Redwater, to declining oil fields in Central Alberta. CO2 is currently transported for the purpose of enhanced oil recovery, though the location and specification of the system provide opportunity for additional uses, such as sequestration. The initial sources of CO2 for the ACTL include the existing Nutrien fertiliser facility which has a CO2 compression and dehydration facility constructed by Wolf Midstream and able to capture 0.3Mtpa CO2 for transport via ACTL. The ACTL started full operation in June 2020.","Antwerp petrochemical industry is assessing pathways to connect to the Porthos CCS network in the future. BASF, Air Liquide, Borealis, ExxonMobil, Total and Ineos can build CO2 capture plant on their sites. A backbone of pipelines will be installed along the Scheldelaan to remove the CO₂.","Perdure Petroleum owns and operates a CO2 capture and facility at the Arkalon Energy ethanol plant in Kansas, US. Since 2015, approximately 190,000 tonnes of CO2 from this source was used for enhanced oil recovery purposes at the oil fields in Texas and Oklahoma operated by Perdure Petroleum.","Summit Carbon Solutions and Green Plains have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 157,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Green Plains Atkinson biorefinery plant.","The study scope involves considering the technical, economic, social, environmental and legal and regulatory feasibility of retrofitting post-combustion carbon capture technology to a power plant owned by the Huaneng Group in the Jilin Province of China. The facility could have the potential to capture approximately 1 Mtpa of CO2.","Horisont Energi AS, Baker Hughes and Equinor are jointly exploring Barents Blue, a full-scale clean ammonia production with CCS project in Finnmark in Northern Norway.","The Bell Creek project is a collaboration between the Plains CO2 Reduction PCOR Partnership and Denbury Onshore LLC to study incidental CO2 storage associated with a Denbury-operated commercial EOR project. The PCOR Partnership is conducting site characterization, modeling and predictive simulation, and monitoring, verification, and accounting MVA to study the interrelationship of commercial CO2 EOR operations and incidental CO2 storage and to evaluate how EOR injection strategies affect associated storage. As of June 2017, EOR operations have resulted in approximately 4.0 million tonnes of associated CO2 storage at the site.","PetroSantander, Inc. owns and operates the dehydration, compression, transport and CO2 injection sites for CO2 sourced from the Bonanza BioEnergy ethanol plant in Kansas, US. The project began operation in 2012 and captures approximately 100,000 tonnes of CO2 annually, which is used for enhanced oil recovery purposes in the nearby Stewart oil field.","Industrial cluster in South-East Norway, using shared transport infrastructure, delivering CO2 to Port of Borg, Norway","Chaparral Energy operated a CO2 compression and dehydration facility at the Agrium fertiliser plant in Borger, Texas.  Borger-sourced CO2 was used by Chaparral in its EOR operations in the Camrick Area in Oklahoma and the Farnsworth Oil Unit in northern Texas. After completion of a Urea expansion project by Agrium at the Borger facility in the first half of 2017, Chaparral Energy shut down their operation at the Borger site.","The Boryeong thermal power complex in Korea is being used to test an advanced amine CO2 capture solvent. The first stage of research began operations in 2010 with CO2 capture capacity of around 2 tonnes per day. The second stage of research involved a scale-up of the CO2 capture facilities to approximately 200 tonnes per day, with long term continuous operation of 5,000 hours completed successfully in May 2017.","Unit 3 at the Boundary Dam (BD3) coal-fired power station in Saskatchewan, Canada, completed a refurbishment program in October 2014 that included retrofitting CO2 capture facilities with a capture capacity of approximately 1 Mtpa of CO2. The majority of the captured CO2 is transported via pipeline and used for enhanced oil recovery at the Weyburn Oil Unit, also in Saskatchewan. A portion of the captured CO2 is transported via pipeline to the nearby Aquistore Project for dedicated geological storage.","The Bridgeport Energy Moonie CCUS project plans to capture and inject 0.2 million tonnes per annum CO2 by 2023 for CO2-enhanced oil recovery at the Moonie Oil Field in Australia.","A pilot-scale plant at the Brindisi power plant in south-eastern Italy tested a number of solvent technologies during 2010-2012. ","A pilot-scale plant at the Willem-Alexander power plant now closed in the Netherlands undertook a CO2 capture testing and R&D program between 2011 and 2013. ","A pilot-scale plant at the Le Havre power plant in France trialed and tested a specific carbon capture technology during parts of 2013 and 2014. ","California Resources Corporation’s Carbon Capture project (CalCapture) is planned to capture CO2 from the 550 MWe natural gas combined cycle plant located in California, United States with a total of 1.4 million tonnes per annum captured and stored. Electric Power Research Institute, California Resources Corporation, and Fluor are working together on a Front-End Engineering and Design (FEED) study based on Fluor’s amine-based Econamine FG Plus process. The captured CO2 will be either stored or used for enhanced oil recovery in the co-located Elk Hills Oil Field.","Caledonia Clean Energy is examining construction of a new natural gas feedstock power plant The Caledonia Plant with integrated CO2 capture facilities located in the vicinity of Grangemouth, Central Scotland. Carbon dioxide capture capacity would be around 3 Mtpa. The CO2 would be transported via a network of existing re-purposed pipeline infrastructure for dedicated geological storage below a depleted gas field in the North Sea off Scotland. Start-up would be in the 2020s.","This large demonstration test of a retro-fitted oxy-fuel boiler to a decommissioned pulverised coal unit in Queensland, Australia, ran from June 2012 to March 2015, with the oxy-fuel boiler recording 10,000 hours of industrial operation and the capture plant 5,000 hours of industrial operation. The project also undertook a number of studies relating to the transport and storage of CO2.","The CarbFix project, located in Iceland, includes injection of pure CO2 and a gas mixture of CO2 and H2S, dissolved in water, into basaltic formations, with the purpose of ‘storing’ the gases in mineral in the bedrock. Initial pilot tests in 2012 injected over 200 tons of CO2, which was sourced from the gas mixture from a pilot gas separation station at the Hellisheiði geothermal power plant. A larger-scale gas mixture injection program commenced in 2014.","Carbon Clean Solutions tested their proprietary chemical solvent at a Solvay chemical plant near Tirupati, India. Carbon dioxide capture capacity of the test facility was around 22 tonnes per day, with testing occurring between August 2012 and August 2013.","Carbon TerraVault Projects are a series of CCS projects comprising 1 billion tonnes of CO2 storage resources across California, USA. Carbon TerraVault I Project is the first project for dedicated geologic storage of CO2. Carbon TerraVault I Project is targeting 1st injection in 2025, injecting 1 Mtpa CO2, increasing to 5 Mtpa by 2027.","Pieridae Energy aims to develop the Caroline Carbon Capture Power Complex with carbon capture and sequestration in Alberta, Canada. The complex will have the ability to sequester up to three million tonnes of CO2 annually into one of the Caroline Facility’s depleted gas reservoirs.","Summit Carbon Solutions and Tharaldson Ethanol have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 501,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Tharaldson Ethanol Casselton biorefinery plant.","An EU integrated project under FP-6 that included activities across various sites, the most significant being a post-combustion pilot plant located at the coal-fired Esbjerg power plant in Denmark and where testing on three solvents was undertaken during 2006 and 2007.","CEMCAP is an EU Horizon 2020 project, whose goal is to prepare the ground for large-scale implementation of CO2 capture in the European cement industry. The project is designed to strengthen and complement the Norcem and ECRA CCS projects. Technical development, including technology demonstration in a simulated industrial environment.","Summit Carbon Solutions and Green Plains have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 332,000 tonnes per annum CO2 from the Green Plains Central City biorefinery plant.","The Century Plant natural gas treatment facility in Texas has a CO2 capture capacity of around 5.0 Mtpa. Captured CO2 is transported via a pipeline system to secure geologic storage in conjunction with oil and gas operations in the Permian Basin.","CESAR was a follow-up project to the post-combustion capture work undertaken at the coal-fired Esbjerg pilot plant in Denmark under the CASTOR project. Modifications to the Esbjerg pilot plant were undertaken during 2008, after which a three test campaign was conducted covering a benchmark and two novel solvents.","This aim of this project was to test the coal seams in the north-eastern part of China as permeable and stable enough to absorb CO2 and enhance methane production. Approximately 192 tonnes of CO2 was injected into a single coal seam in April 2004.  ","Chinese-European Emission-Reducing Solutions CHEERS involves the test and verification of the 2nd generation chemical-looping technology at a demonstration laboratory in Sichuan Province, China. By 2022, the project targets to develop into a 3 MWth demonstration system for decarbonising the petroleum refining sector and other energy-intensive industry.","Stockholm-region transport system for liquefied CO2 - pipelines and potentially in future trucks. CO2 onloaded to ships at Port of Gothenberg.","Shipping route from Port of Gothenberg in Stockholm to Naturgassparken","The Hontomin Technology Development Plant – CO2 Capture & Transport the CIUDEN Technology Development Center is located in North-west Spain, adjacent to the Compostilla power station. In October 2012, CIUDEN announced that it had successfully completed the full CO2 capture process, using oxy-combustion in the circulating fluidised bed CFB boiler with the compression and purification unit.","The Hontomín Storage Technology Development Plant is located in Northern Spain, 30 kilometres / 19 miles from the city of Burgos. The site includes one injection well and a monitoring well, both of which are located at a depth close to 1,580 metres / 5,200 feet. CO2 injection began in 2015, and 10,000 tonnes of CO2 are planned to be injected in the period 2017-2020 through the Enabling Onshore CO2 Storage in Europe ENOS project which has received funding under the EU Horizon 2020 Programme.","Clean Energy Systems is developing its commercial Carbon Negative Energy plant in an existing biomass gasification plant in the Central Valley by 2025, capturing ~0.32 million tonnes per annum (0.35 million tons per annum) CO¬ via bio-energy with carbon capture and storage.","CMCRI is a not-for-profit corporation dedicated to advancing technologies to reduce carbon emissions in large-scale industry. Moving in the space between bench-scale research and commercialization, CMCRI helps innovators scale-up, de-risk and prove their carbon capture, utilization, storage and emissions monitoring technologies","China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) has launched the country's first offshore carbon capture and storage (CCS) project in South China Sea, injecting 300,000 tonnes per annum CO2 per year into seabed reservoirs.","This facility injects CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in low permeability reservoirs of the Jilin oil field in northeast China. The CO2 is captured from a nearby natural gas processing plant at the Changling gas field, and transported by pipeline. After 12 years of pilot and demonstration tests, the commercial operation, as Phase III, began in 2018, reaching 600,000 tonnes CO2 per annum. Cumulative CO2 injection of 1.12 million tonnes for pilot and demonstration scale operation was reached in the 2017.","This pilot into the Jilin oil field was the first large CO2-EOR demonstration project in China aimed at understanding CO2 EOR mechanisms under the geological conditions in China. An accumulative injection capacity of around one million tons CO2 in the period of 2008 to 2016.","Since May 2013, Norcem, in cooperation with HeidelbergCement Group and ECRA, has been conducting CO2 capture tests at a cement plant. Three different post-combustion technologies have been tested on real cement flue gas at the Brevik plant in Norway while investigations on a fourth technology were performed offsite based on a pilot installed at Stuttgart University. The testing program ran from 2013 to 2017 and aimed to demonstrate capture of CO2 from a cement plant, with the objective to improve understanding of these technologies for large-scale application.","The aim of this test was to assess the feasibility of storing CO2 in lignite seams while simultaneously producing coalbed methane. Carbon dioxide was injected over a 16-day period in mid-March 2009, with around 90 tonnes of CO2 injected into a 10-12 foot thick coal seam at a depth of approximately 1,100 feet. Post-injection monitoring occurred from the stopping of injection until June 2009.","Following earlier testing on a one tonne per day platform, CO2 Solutions undertook further testing of its proprietary enzyme at a 10 tonnes per day facility at Salaberry-de-Valleyfield “Valleyfield”, near Montreal, Quebec. Carbon dioxide capture was from flue gases of a natural gas-fired boiler, CO2 capture began in June 2015 and when testing was completed in November 2015, a total of more than 2,500 operational hours was logged by the capture unit.","The Otway Project, in south-western Victoria, Australia, is the first geological CO2 storage project in Australia and is one of the largest CO2 storage laboratories in the world. The project injected over 65,000 tonnes of supercritical CO2-rich gas between March 2008 and August 2009 during Stage 1 2004-2009 and approximately 15,000 tonnes of CO2-rich gas between December 2015 and April 2016 in Stage 2 2009-2018. Stage 3 will expand on Stage 2 learnings and is progressing with the drilling and completion of well CRC-3.","The Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers fertiliser plant in Coffeyville, Kansas, has been retrofitted with CO2 compression and dehydration facilities and since 2013 has been delivering CO2 to the North Burbank Unit in Osage County, Oklahoma, for enhanced oil recovery. Carbon dioxide capture capacity of the compression facilities is around 0.9 Mtpa.","Copenhill (Amager Bakke) waste to energy plant in Copenhagen, Denmark, is developing a carbon capture plant to remove 500,000 tonnes of CO2 annually from its waste incineration, to be operational by 2025.","Core Energy has been operating a CO2-EOR program in Otsego County, Michigan, since 2003.  The CO2 is sourced from a gas processing facility that removes CO2 produced from the Antrim shale gas fields. Core Energy captures around 400,000 tonnes of CO2 out of an estimated total produced CO2 of around 500,000 tonnes. Core Energy reports that as of end 2016, its CO2-EOR operations had injected over two million tonnes of CO2.","COURSE 50 aims to develop carbon capture technologies to enable a 20% reduction in CO2 emissions from blast furnaces in the steel industry. The chemical absorption technology was tested at a pilot plant CO2 capture capacity 30 tonnes per day at Kimitsu iron works, Chiba Prefecture. The physical adsorption technology was tested at bench scale CO2 capture capacity initially 3 tonnes per day expanded to 6 tonnes per day at Fukuyama iron works, Hiroshima Prefecture.","Coyote Clean Power is a partnership between 8 Rivers Capital and the Southern Ute Growth Fund to develop, construct, and operate a near-zero emissions NET Power plant within the Southern Ute Indian Reservation in Colarado, USA.","The Cranfield Project in Mississippi, US, involved the monitoring of large-scale CO2 injection into a saline formation of the Cranfield oil unit operated by Denbury Resources. The naturally occurring CO2 was sourced from Jackson Dome. Up to January 2015, the Cranfield Project had monitored around 4.7 million tonnes of CO2 stored under the SECARB Phase III Development Program.","The aim of the CTSCo Surat Basin CCS Project is to demonstrate the technical viability, integration and safe operation of CCS in the Surat Basin in Queensland, Australia. The project has been funded to deliver Front End Engineering Design studies. If further regulatory permits and industry funding approvals are forthcoming, the project plans to capture 120,000 tonnes per annum CO2 and the first injection operation will occur around 2023.","The facility aims to provide technical support for future enhanced oil recovery EOR activities in extra-low permeability reservoirs around the Daqing oil field in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. EOR has been studied since the 1980s and the scale of CO2 field flooding tests has been expanded since 2003. The current annual CO2 injection rate is estimated at around 200,000 tonnes.","Pacificorp is evaluating carbon capture as part of its 2021 IRP process. PacifiCorp plans to initiate a request for expression of interest (2021 REOI) for carbon capture projects on any of it’s Wyoming coal facilities and units June 29, 2021. The REOI will serve as a precursor to issuing a request for proposal (RFP).","The DMX™ Demonstration in Dunkirk project, designed by Axens, will be built starting in 2020 at the ArcelorMittal steelworks site in Dunkirk and will be able to capture 0.5 metric tons of CO2 an hour from steelmaking gases by 2022.","The Drax BECCS Project aims to capture 4.3 million tonnes per annum from one (660 MW) of the biomass-fired power units at the UK's biggest power station by 2027. CO2 will be transported by pipeline and stored in southern North Sea via dedicated geological storage. The Drax BECCS Project will be an anchor CCS project for the wider Zero Carbon Humber Cluster. Drax also plans to convert all four of its biomass units to BECCS by 2035, delivering 16 Mpta of negative emissions.","The CO2 capture pilot plant captures one tonne per day CO2 from the Drax power station unit, which runs 100% biomass feedstock. The pilot plant started commission in February 2019.","The Basin Electric Power Cooperative aims to capture 3.0 Mtpa CO2 from the 385 MW coal-fired Dry Fork Station in Wyoming, USA. The project is targeting adjacent geological storage formations for long-term storage. The project is also considering EOR as a potential CO2 financial support and storage pathway, utilizing nearby CO2 pipeline networks and EOR operations.","Louisville Gas and Electric Company and Kentucky Utilities Company partnered with the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research (UK CAER) have installed a 0.7 MWe pilot carbon capture plant in 2014 at the E.W. Brown Generating Station near Harrodsburg, Kentucky, USA.","This project sought to research and establish technologies for an integrated gasification combined cycle IGCC oxygen-blown coal system. Construction of the pilot plant’s 150 tonne per day coal-fed oxygen-blown gasifier was completed in 2001. Three stages of pilot testing were conducted between 2002 and the end of Japanese Fiscal Year JFY 2013. A larger-scale demonstration of the oxygen-blown gasification and carbon capture technologies tested under EAGLE is in progress under the Osaki CoolGen project.","A pilot plant was integrated into the Puertollano IGCC plant in Spain to test the feasibility of pre-combustion technology to capture CO2 in an IGCC environment that uses solid fossil fuels and wastes as the main feedstock. Operational tests occurred in the latter part of 2010 and into 2011.","The Koch Fertilizer facility in Enid, Oklahoma produces nitrogen fertilisers which result in high purity, high concentration CO2 off-gas. The CO2 off-gas is processed at compression, cooling and dehydration facilities owned by Daylight Petroleum. The processed CO2 is transported to depleted oil fields in southern Oklahoma for enhanced oil recovery.","The Ervia Cork CCS is in feasibility study for capturing CO2 from a number of emission-intensive companies located in Cork, with initial consideration being given to the two modern gas-fired, combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power stations and Ireland’s only oil refining business: Irving Oil Refinery. The captured CO2 is proposed to be transported via an existing pipeline network, to the potential CO2 storage sites in the Kinsale Gas Field.","ExxonMobil is assessing its ExxonMobil Benelux refinery plant in Botlek Rotterdam, Netherlands, as one of the potential refineries to produce blue hydrogen when combined with carbon capture and storage.","Summit Carbon Solutions and Green Plains have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 343,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Green Plains Fairmont biorefinery plant.","The Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration SWP monitors activities on active CO2-EOR injection well patterns. The SWP Phase III project intends to track the injection of over 0.2 Mtpa of CO2 over multiple years until at least one million tonnes of CO2 has been injected. As of April 2017, purchased CO2 totalled approximately 640,000 tonnes, with net CO2 storage placed at around 595,000 tonnes.","This pilot facility began operations in November 2011 and involved the capture of 100 tonnes of CO2 per day from a flue gas stream at the Ferrybridge power station in west Yorkshire UK. The program was designed to test the application of an amine-based, post-combustion capture process under realistic operating conditions. The test program was completed in December 2013.","Langskip CCS  - Fortum Oslo Varme is in advanced development to capture approximately 0.4 Mtpa of CO2 by 2024 from its waste-to-energy recovery plant in southern Norway. The offshore Aurora area has been evaluated as the optimal storage site and will involve a combined ship and pipeline transportation system.","The offshore Aurora area has been evaluated as the optimal storage site and will involve a combined ship and pipeline transportation system.","The Frio Brine Pilot, undertaken primarily in 2004 for a total amount of CO2 injected of around 1,600 tonnes, was the first test in the US of storing CO2 in geologic formations. Prior to this study, storage experience in the US was limited to formations from which hydrocarbons had been extracted.","This pilot plant utilises FuelCell Energy’s commercial DFC3000® carbonate fuel cell power system to concentrate and capture a portion of the CO2 emissions from the exhaust flue gases at the Plant Barry power station in Alabama, US for natural gas-fired generation.","G2, in partnership with Siemens Energy Inc., 8 Rivers/NET Power, and EJM Associates LLC, are developing G2 Net-Zero LNG complex in Louisiana, USA","Summit Carbon Solutions and Quad County Corn Processors have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 109,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Quad County Corn Processors Galva biorefinery plant.","The facility will use a hybrid geothermal system that utilises the energy potential of hot brines with dissolved natural gases to deliver combined heat and power at its Draškovec development in Northern Croatia. The pilot plant is expected to supply approximately 17-18 MWe of power. CO2 separation, capture and injection capacity is at around 50,000 tonnes per annum.","The project plans to capture up to 4.3million tonnes per annum CO2 from the 700 MWe Gerald Gentleman Station Unit 2. The project is currently in Front-End Engineering and Design (FEED) study awarded by the US DOE.","Summit Carbon Solutions and Corn LP have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 215,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Corn LP Goldfield biorefinery plant.","Gorgon carbon dioxide injection system is part of the wider Gorgon Project offshore Western Australia. Reservoir carbon dioxide is separated and compressed at facilities located on Barrow Island and then piped a short distance to CO2 injection wells on the Island where the CO2 is injected deep in the subsurface. The CO2 injection started operation in August 2019. The CO2 capture capacity is at 3.4 – 4.0 Mtpa.","Summit Carbon Solutions and Louis Dreyfus Company have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 343,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Louis Dreyfus Grand Junction biorefinery plant.","Summit Carbon Solutions and Granite Falls Energy have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 180,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Granite Falls biorefinery plant.","The Great Plains Synfuels plant, located in North Dakota, produces high purity CO2 as part of its coal gasification process. Carbon dioxide capture capacity of the plant is approximately 3 Mtpa. The captured CO2 is transported via pipeline to the Weyburn Oil Unit and the Midale Oil Unit in Saskatchewan, Canada, for use in enhanced oil recovery. Over 39 million tonnes of CO2 has been captured and transported to date.","Located in central Java Province, Indonesia, this pilot project would use CO2 captured from the Gundih gas field and inject around 30 tonnes per day over a two year period for total injection of around 20,000 tonnes into an uneconomic oil and gas reservoir. Design and construction of the surface facilities for CO2 injection is targeted for implementation by 2020's.","China Energy Group plans to construct a CO2 capture system capturing 0.5 million tonnes CO2 per annum in the Guodian Taizhou Power station in Jiangsu Province, China. Around 0.3 million tonnes per annum captured CO2 will be transported to Sinopec East China Petroleum Bureau for CO2-enhanced oil recovery.","Shenhua Guohua Jinjie Energy, a subsidy of Shenhua Group, is developing a demonstration-scale CCS facility in a coal-fired power plant in Shaanxi Province, China. The captured CO2 at a capacity of 150,000 tonnes per annum is to be transported via tanker truck to the existing CO2 injection site from Shenhua ordos CCS demonstration project.","The Hadong thermal power complex in South Korea was used to test dry regenerable solid sorbent technology with a fluidised-bed CO2 capture process. Operations campaigns with a 0.5 MW test-bed were undertaken in the period 2011 – 2013. Commissioning of a scaled-up 10 MW pilot was in April 2014, by October 2014, it was reported that over 1,000-hours continuous operation of the 10 MW pilot unit had been performed. Following a long-term operations test, the program for the 10 MW facility was completed in 2017.","As Stage I of a planned program of CCS activities, two sets of carbon capture test facilities are planned to be installed at Unit 1 of the Haifeng Power Plant Guangdong area, China. One set would be designed to test amine-based capture methodology, the second membrane-based. Total capture capacity for both is estimated at around 70 tonnes per day. Operations started in December 2018.","The Hazelwood power station now in closure hosted Australia’s largest CCS facility integrated into a power station. The pilot capture facility became operational in 2009 and had a design capacity of around 50 tonnes per day though the pilot generally operated at 25 tonnes per day CO2 capture.","Summit Carbon Solutions and Heron Lake BioEnergy have partnered to develop infrastructure to capture, transport store up to 186,000 tonnes CO2 per annum from the Heron Lake biorefinery plant."]}}]},"metrics":{"Version":"1.0.0","Events":[{"Id":"c11c84e9-85ab-4332-ab7f-0cd9e6065410","Name":"Execute Semantic Query","Component":"DSE","Start":"2022-01-10T23:49:32.9987828Z","End":"2022-01-10T23:49:33.0456599Z"},{"Id":"fa47c293-a8a7-48b8-9721-34c58059aba8","ParentId":"c11c84e9-85ab-4332-ab7f-0cd9e6065410","Name":"Open Connection","Component":"DSE","Start":"2022-01-10T23:49:32.9987828Z","End":"2022-01-10T23:49:33.0300336Z"},{"Id":"ab0b8f12-55ec-4584-857d-cce26812ec22","ParentId":"c11c84e9-85ab-4332-ab7f-0cd9e6065410","Name":"Execute DAX Query","Component":"DSE","Start":"2022-01-10T23:49:33.0300336Z","End":"2022-01-10T23:49:33.0456599Z","Metrics":{"RowCount":246}},{"Id":"0B0E3559-07A6-4F72-89A0-1C5EDE884A8B","ParentId":"ab0b8f12-55ec-4584-857d-cce26812ec22","Name":"Execute Query","Component":"AS","Start":"2022-01-10T23:49:33.047Z","End":"2022-01-10T23:49:33.053Z"},{"Id":"FFAE71CD-F36A-4DBE-B970-CC4CD8E199A8","ParentId":"0B0E3559-07A6-4F72-89A0-1C5EDE884A8B","Name":"Serialize Rowset","Component":"AS","Start":"2022-01-10T23:49:33.05Z","End":"2022-01-10T23:49:33.053Z"}]}}}}]}